Gran Canaria: The War Comes Home
The Canary Islands: Conquest and Survival · Part Two
A film by E = MC³

MUSIC

Wiguez feat. Maria-Lea - Nunca (Frannabik & A.way Remix)
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: https://ncs.io/Nunca_FA
Watch: https://ncs.lnk.to/Nunca_FAAT/youtube
Film time: 00:00–04:06

Wiguez - Marcheur (The Clamps Remix)
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: https://ncs.io/Marcheur_TC
Watch: https://ncs.lnk.to/Marcheur_TCAT/youtube
Film time: 03:55–07:21

Wiguez, Alltair, Josh Levoid & P-One - Moon Farewell
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: https://NCS.lnk.to/MoonFarewell
Watch: https://ncs.lnk.to/MoonFarewellAT/youtube
Film time: 07:10–10:00

VISUAL CREDITS

Roque Nublo 2.jpg
Cap1000; CC0; Wikimedia Commons.
Date: 2012-10-07 15:40:42
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roque_Nublo_2.jpg
CC0
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

01-gran-canaria-relief
Historical map reconstruction using Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus, Natural Earth coast and GeoNames; Agaete municipality for Casa Fuerte location.
Source: https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/
Original explanatory composition. Natural Earth: public domain; GeoNames: CC BY 4.0; elevation attribution: Mapzen, USGS and EU Copernicus.
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Cueva Pintada Museum and Archaeological Park 1.jpg
Photo by https://thebrainchamber.com (Thebrainchamber1); CC BY-SA 4.0; Wikimedia Commons.
Date: 2024-04-24 13:18:59
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cueva_Pintada_Museum_and_Archaeological_Park_1.jpg
CC BY-SA 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Luisa de Betancor: published archival description and transcription
Archivo Histórico Provincial de Las Palmas / Gobierno de Canarias. Selected publication of the Luisa de Betancor family proceeding.
Date: Later-copy record; modern official edition
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf#page=9
Historical document reproduced in the official archival publication
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Family Relationships
E = MC³ research film
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf
New explanatory diagram, 2026
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

An Archipelago, Not One Island — modern locator map
Original film map composition using Natural Earth land geometry and GeoNames place coordinates.
Date: 2026-10-21 map composition
Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/
Natural Earth data: public domain; GeoNames data: CC BY 4.0. Original map composition has no separate public license assigned.
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

02-1478-1480-foothold
Historical map reconstruction using Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus, Natural Earth coast and GeoNames; Agaete municipality for Casa Fuerte location.
Source: https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/
Original explanatory composition. Natural Earth: public domain; GeoNames: CC BY 4.0; elevation attribution: Mapzen, USGS and EU Copernicus.
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

File:Vegueta D81 6060 View from Santa Ana church bell tower (32313549676).jpg
Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden; CC BY 2.0; Wikimedia Commons
Date: 2017-01-16 13:33
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vegueta_D81_6060_View_from_Santa_Ana_church_bell_tower_(32313549676).jpg
CC BY 2.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

File:Arucas vista.jpg
Roberto Afonso Perera; CC BY-SA 3.0; Wikimedia Commons
Date: 2007-09-13
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arucas_vista.jpg
CC BY-SA 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

File:Riscos de Tirajana - Santa Lucía de Tirajana - Gran Canaria 01.jpg
Rvr; CC BY-SA 4.0; Wikimedia Commons
Date: 2026-02-15 15:50:12
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riscos_de_Tirajana_-_Santa_Luc%C3%ADa_de_Tirajana_-_Gran_Canaria_01.jpg
CC BY-SA 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Fractured Command
E = MC³ research film
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/educacion/web/.content/publicaciones/archivos/documento/historia-y-patrimonio-vol2-eso-bach.pdf
New explanatory diagram, 2026
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

File:Valle de Agaete.JPG
Marianne Perdomo Machín; CC BY-SA 3.0; Wikimedia Commons
Date: 2007-09-20
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valle_de_Agaete.JPG
CC BY-SA 3.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

03-1481-two-fronts
Historical map reconstruction using Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus, Natural Earth coast and GeoNames; Agaete municipality for Casa Fuerte location.
Source: https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/
Original explanatory composition. Natural Earth: public domain; GeoNames: CC BY 4.0; elevation attribution: Mapzen, USGS and EU Copernicus.
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Montaña de Gáldar
FEDAC · Montaña de Gáldar · photograph 000667
Date: 1890–1895
Source: https://www.fotosantiguascanarias.org/oaistore/opac/ficha.php?codopac=OP003&idpag=1480613886&informatico=00000667MO&suposi=7
Historical repository image; no new public reuse permission asserted.
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

04-1483-tirajana
Historical map reconstruction using Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus, Natural Earth coast and GeoNames; Agaete municipality for Casa Fuerte location.
Source: https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/
Original explanatory composition. Natural Earth: public domain; GeoNames: CC BY 4.0; elevation attribution: Mapzen, USGS and EU Copernicus.
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Tramo final del acueducto y estructura del molino del ingenio azucarero de Las Candelarias (Agaete, Las Palmas, España).jpg
Treyntaarrobas; CC BY 4.0; Wikimedia Commons.
Date: 1/1/2026
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tramo_final_del_acueducto_y_estructura_del_molino_del_ingenio_azucarero_de_Las_Candelarias_(Agaete,_Las_Palmas,_Espa%C3%B1a).jpg
CC BY 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Luisa de Betancor: published archival description and transcription
Archivo Histórico Provincial de Las Palmas / Gobierno de Canarias. Selected publication of the Luisa de Betancor family proceeding.
Date: Later-copy record; modern official edition
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf#page=17
Historical document reproduced in the official archival publication
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

05-aguimes-testimony
Historical map reconstruction using Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus, Natural Earth coast and GeoNames; Agaete municipality for Casa Fuerte location.
Source: https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/
Original explanatory composition. Natural Earth: public domain; GeoNames: CC BY 4.0; elevation attribution: Mapzen, USGS and EU Copernicus.
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Luisa de Betancor: published archival description and transcription
Archivo Histórico Provincial de Las Palmas / Gobierno de Canarias. Selected publication of the Luisa de Betancor family proceeding.
Date: Later-copy record; modern official edition
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf#page=16
Historical document reproduced in the official archival publication
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Family Legal Defense
E = MC³ research film
Source: https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf
New explanatory diagram, 2026
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

Selected Conquest Phases — modern locator map
Original film map composition using Natural Earth land geometry and GeoNames place coordinates.
Date: 2026-10-21 map composition
Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/
Natural Earth data: public domain; GeoNames data: CC BY 4.0. Original map composition has no separate public license assigned.
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

File:Vistas desde los Riscos de Tirajana - Gran Canaria.jpg
Rvr; CC BY-SA 4.0; Wikimedia Commons
Date: 2025-05-25 16:24:43
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vistas_desde_los_Riscos_de_Tirajana_-_Gran_Canaria.jpg
CC BY-SA 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Changes: Cropped, framed or slowly panned; explanatory overlays added.

MAP DATA

Natural Earth — public-domain land geometry
https://www.naturalearthdata.com/

GeoNames — place coordinates (CC BY 4.0)
https://www.geonames.org/

GeoNames attribution license
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Mapzen Terrain Tiles / USGS / EU Copernicus
https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/

Terrain-data attribution details
https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md

SOURCES

Archivo Histórico Provincial de Las Palmas: Luisa de Betancor probanza, official facsimile publication
https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/cultura/archivo_historico_lp/.content/AHPLP_galerias/PUBLICACIONES_AHPLP_pdf/AHPLP_Facsimiles/FacsimilCINCO.pdf
Official archival publication containing a modern edition and transcription of a later-copy record; the 1528 original manuscript was not inspected.

Ayuntamiento de Gáldar: Cueva Pintada
https://visitgaldar.es/museos/museo-y-parque-arqueologico-cueva-pintada
Municipal archaeological-site description.

Geographical orientation / modern locator cartography

Modern explanatory maps used for geographical orientation. They do not show documented troop routes or historical boundaries.

Turismo de Gran Canaria: Historia
https://www.grancanaria.com/turismo/isla-de-gran-canaria/historia/
Official island history consulted through indexed content.

Gobierno de Canarias: Historia y Patrimonio de Canarias2, ESO/Bachillerato (2020)
https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/cmsgob1/export/sites/educacion/web/.content/publicaciones/archivos/documento/historia-y-patrimonio-vol2-eso-bach.pdf
Government educational publication; relevant PDF pages 7 and 12–13 inspected.

Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Historia de la Ciudad
https://www.laspalmasgc.es/es/la-ciudad/historia/
Official city history consulted through indexed content.

LPAVisit: Historia
https://lpavisit.com/las-palmas-de-gran-canaria/historia/
Official city tourism history.

Mariano Gambín García: Precisiones cronológicas, Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos
https://revistas.grancanaria.com/index.php/aea/article/download/877/877
Chronology discussed in an indexed passage, printed page 216 / PDF page 8. The full article was not inspected for this film.

Ayuntamiento de Agüimes: Información histórica del municipio
https://aguimes.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2-Historia.pdf
Municipal history, PDF page 3, used for the campaign dates.

González Marrero, “Los Ara, una familia de origen prehispánico en el Valle de Taoro (1500–1600),” in Lecturas Aisladas (SEGEHECA)

Published study consulted at PDF page 19 / printed page 20. The quoted 1540 instrument was not inspected in its original manuscript.

Film sources and visual credits

Credits for the film’s text, photographs, maps, diagrams and music are listed below.

Museo de Historia y Antropología de Tenerife: La conquista
https://www.museosdetenerife.org/mha-museo-de-historia-y-antropologia/portfolio-item/la-conquista/
Museum account of the Tenerife conquest chronology.

Cabildo de Gran Canaria: Parque Rural de Doramas leaflet
https://descargas.grancanaria.com/jardincanario/ESPACIOS%20NATURALES%20PROTEGIDOS%20DE%20GRAN%20CANARIA/C-12%20PARQUE%20RURAL%20DE%20DORAMAS.pdf
Official park leaflet’s history caption consulted through indexed content.

Ayuntamiento de Agaete: Casa Fuerte
https://turismo.agaete.es/lugares/patrimonio-cultural/casa-fuerte
Municipal history of Casa Fuerte and the second front at Agaete.

Photographs and archival material retain their individual credits and rights statements. Inclusion in this film does not grant a new blanket reuse license.